TECH BLAZE Computer and Technology Blog

A computer program (or set of programs) is designed to systematically solve a problem, for example, a problem to calculate the length of a straight line joining any two given points. The programmer must decide the program requirements, develop logic and write instructions for the computer in a programming language that the computer can translate into machine language and execute. Hence, problem solving is an act of defining a problem, understanding the problem and arriving at workable solutions. In other words, problem solving is the process of confronting a novel situation, formulating connection between the given facts, identifying the goal of the problem and exploring possible methods for reaching the goal. It requires the programmer to co-ordinate previous experience and intuition in order to solve the problem.

In the second generation computers FORTRAN is the most popular one. Already discussed about the FORTRAN in the below paragraph. The other language is COBOL, COBOL stands for Common Business Oriented Language. The COBOL was invented in the year 1959. The main use of the COBOL is business programming language. The PDP-1 technology also used in the second generation computers. The PDP-1 is the programming data processor it was introduced in the year 1960 it also called as DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation). The IBM 1400 is the first computer of IBM. These computers use the transistors and vacuum tubes. The IBM 1401 is the next version of IBM Company. The cost of the IBM 1401 computer was $150,000.

Computer is a tool for solving problems. Computers accept instructions and data perform arithmetic and logical operations and 9 produce information. Hence the instructions and data fed into the computer are converted into information through processing. Basically data is a collection of facts from which information may be derived. Data is defined as an un-processed collection of raw facts in a manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing, Hence data are stored facts, Inactive; Technology based Gathered from various sources. Abacus is the first known calculating machine used for counting. It is made of beads strung on cords and is used for simple arithmetic calculations. The cords correspond to positions of decimal digits. The beads represent digits. The computer was used in the many type of application.

The 1950s and 1960s are the second generation computers year. The second generation computers are the use of the transistors. These are invented by the Bell Telephone laboratories. The second generation computers had the operating systems, printers, stored programs etc. the second generation computers are the sort of the memory. These generation computers designs are solid and more reliable also. The first successful programming language is the FORTAIN. It was developed in the year 1957. These FORTAIN is the very easy language to learn in that time, it used the binary machine codes for programming. The default FORTRAN includes the Assignment statements, Do loops, PAUSE, STOP and CONTINUE etc. these are most successful language in that time it dominates many other Languages.

The Bendix G-15 is the medium size computer in the introduction of this computer. For internal memory storage it uses the magnetic drum and it had nearly 300 germanium diode packages and 180 tube packages for logic circuitry. The magnetic drum storage is comprised into the twenty channels that is 2160 words into 108 words each. The 4.5 milliseconds is the average time for accessing these words. It had the buffer channel also its stores the 108 word magnetic channel on drum. For double-precision operations it had the many things such as 3 two-word arithmetic registers, 1 one-word command register, and 1 one-word arithmetic register. It used the interpreter and the compiler for converting simpler alternative to machine language. It also used the single precision and double precision for adding and multiplying the numbers.